<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><!-- generator="wordpress/2.2" -->
<rss version="2.0" 
	xmlns:content="http://purl.org/rss/1.0/modules/content/">
<channel>
	<title>Comments on: On Rejecting the Work of Scientists</title>
	<link>http://www.anthonares.net/2007/07/on-rejecting-the-work-of-scientists.html</link>
	<description>Chronicling and Commenting on Human Progress</description>
	<pubDate>Thu, 29 Jul 2010 12:16:18 +0000</pubDate>
	<generator>http://wordpress.org/?v=2.2</generator>

	<item>
		<title>By: Pat Boyd</title>
		<link>http://www.anthonares.net/2007/07/on-rejecting-the-work-of-scientists.html#comment-36666</link>
		<author>Pat Boyd</author>
		<pubDate>Fri, 14 May 2010 22:46:03 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid>http://www.anthonares.net/2007/07/on-rejecting-the-work-of-scientists.html#comment-36666</guid>
		<description>Dear Sir
Global warming is a side show , it may well be happening but it is not the cause of the exponetial extinction of animal and plant species that has been occuring over the last millenia.It is the last symptom of the cancer we are on a larger organism.We are a virus It seems to me.
Regards
PAT Boyd</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Dear Sir<br />
Global warming is a side show , it may well be happening but it is not the cause of the exponetial extinction of animal and plant species that has been occuring over the last millenia.It is the last symptom of the cancer we are on a larger organism.We are a virus It seems to me.<br />
Regards<br />
PAT Boyd</p>
]]></content:encoded>
	</item>
	<item>
		<title>By: John Hunt</title>
		<link>http://www.anthonares.net/2007/07/on-rejecting-the-work-of-scientists.html#comment-35653</link>
		<author>John Hunt</author>
		<pubDate>Mon, 15 Sep 2008 18:43:59 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid>http://www.anthonares.net/2007/07/on-rejecting-the-work-of-scientists.html#comment-35653</guid>
		<description>Mr. Kendall,

Another AGW skeptic here, and yes, I have visited real climate.org.

Let's say that both CO2 and solar cycle length play a role in the observed global warming.  Don't we have enough data now to be able to say what percent of the variation in surface temperatures can be attributed to CO2 and solar cycle length?  As I look at the data, it seems to me that it is solar cycle length and not CO2 which contributes the lion share from a statistical standpoint.  Also, doesn't the nature of the correlation between solar cycle length even suggest causation wherease this is not so for CO2.  For example, inflection points occur between surface temperatures and solar cycle lengths around 1890, 1940, &#38; 1970 whereas this is not the case for CO2?

&lt;a href="http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://bp1.blogger.com/_tm33tTS2iZc/RsyDDTqSHhI/AAAAAAAAALk/bWdElnZiFNk/s400/010405M2.gif&#38;imgrefurl=http://petesplace-peter.blogspot.com/2007_08_01_archive.html&#38;h=251&#38;w=400&#38;sz=92&#38;hl=en&#38;start=80&#38;um=1&#38;usg=__HnHHh3zwZ8dxCTpQPkhp5YvGUhQ=&#38;tbnid=TjySajIge_CUhM:&#38;tbnh=78&#38;tbnw=124&#38;prev=/images%3Fq%3Dsolar%2Bcycle%2Blength%2Bglobal%2Bwarming%26start%3D72%26ndsp%3D18%26um%3D1%26hl%3Den%26sa%3DN" rel="nofollow"&gt;graph&lt;/a&gt;</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Mr. Kendall,</p>
<p>Another AGW skeptic here, and yes, I have visited real climate.org.</p>
<p>Let&#8217;s say that both CO2 and solar cycle length play a role in the observed global warming.  Don&#8217;t we have enough data now to be able to say what percent of the variation in surface temperatures can be attributed to CO2 and solar cycle length?  As I look at the data, it seems to me that it is solar cycle length and not CO2 which contributes the lion share from a statistical standpoint.  Also, doesn&#8217;t the nature of the correlation between solar cycle length even suggest causation wherease this is not so for CO2.  For example, inflection points occur between surface temperatures and solar cycle lengths around 1890, 1940, &amp; 1970 whereas this is not the case for CO2?</p>
<p><a href="http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://bp1.blogger.com/_tm33tTS2iZc/RsyDDTqSHhI/AAAAAAAAALk/bWdElnZiFNk/s400/010405M2.gif&amp;imgrefurl=http://petesplace-peter.blogspot.com/2007_08_01_archive.html&amp;h=251&amp;w=400&amp;sz=92&amp;hl=en&amp;start=80&amp;um=1&amp;usg=__HnHHh3zwZ8dxCTpQPkhp5YvGUhQ=&amp;tbnid=TjySajIge_CUhM:&amp;tbnh=78&amp;tbnw=124&amp;prev=/images%3Fq%3Dsolar%2Bcycle%2Blength%2Bglobal%2Bwarming%26start%3D72%26ndsp%3D18%26um%3D1%26hl%3Den%26sa%3DN" rel="nofollow">graph</a></p>
]]></content:encoded>
	</item>
	<item>
		<title>By: Wolfgang</title>
		<link>http://www.anthonares.net/2007/07/on-rejecting-the-work-of-scientists.html#comment-35119</link>
		<author>Wolfgang</author>
		<pubDate>Wed, 11 Jun 2008 11:34:29 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid>http://www.anthonares.net/2007/07/on-rejecting-the-work-of-scientists.html#comment-35119</guid>
		<description>Dear Mr. Kendall,
thank you for your interesting and valuable contribution. In my opinion, the debate about whether human activities are responsible for global warming or not, is absolete and doesn't help us to recon where the real problem is, namely, that finite sources can't support a steady growth.
Pollution is an ovious side-effect and nobody will deny its harmful impact on our environment - except politicians with obvious interests in money and power.
What we have to change is our habits and the approach, that all of earths resources are infinite. Talking about nuclear power as an alternative to oil shows the inability of the "experts" to get this right.
We must overcome the childish idea of an ever-growing economy. We've already reached the point where the growth rate isn't maintainable and there is still some "experts" talking about further growth.
No matter how big the ship and fishing-nets would be, when there is no fish, you can't catch any. For too long natural capital (air, water, trees, soil, etc.) has been confused with artificial capital (money). It's time to change this view. The solutions will come anyway. If we don't want to choose our options, nature will choose hers.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Dear Mr. Kendall,<br />
thank you for your interesting and valuable contribution. In my opinion, the debate about whether human activities are responsible for global warming or not, is absolete and doesn&#8217;t help us to recon where the real problem is, namely, that finite sources can&#8217;t support a steady growth.<br />
Pollution is an ovious side-effect and nobody will deny its harmful impact on our environment - except politicians with obvious interests in money and power.<br />
What we have to change is our habits and the approach, that all of earths resources are infinite. Talking about nuclear power as an alternative to oil shows the inability of the &#8220;experts&#8221; to get this right.<br />
We must overcome the childish idea of an ever-growing economy. We&#8217;ve already reached the point where the growth rate isn&#8217;t maintainable and there is still some &#8220;experts&#8221; talking about further growth.<br />
No matter how big the ship and fishing-nets would be, when there is no fish, you can&#8217;t catch any. For too long natural capital (air, water, trees, soil, etc.) has been confused with artificial capital (money). It&#8217;s time to change this view. The solutions will come anyway. If we don&#8217;t want to choose our options, nature will choose hers.</p>
]]></content:encoded>
	</item>
	<item>
		<title>By: luis</title>
		<link>http://www.anthonares.net/2007/07/on-rejecting-the-work-of-scientists.html#comment-34896</link>
		<author>luis</author>
		<pubDate>Mon, 28 Apr 2008 17:22:09 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid>http://www.anthonares.net/2007/07/on-rejecting-the-work-of-scientists.html#comment-34896</guid>
		<description>I have to agree with the last posters. When you make models that emulate variables that were obtained from other models that emulate variables that were obtained... etc, the prospect for error is astounding, and yet, GW is considered a "theory", when I see nothing but a fancy computer game for extremely geek people. I am stretching here, but to consider GW a "closed deal", you would have to have empirical data. And when GW theory doesn't even explain last century's temperature data, one begins to get skeptical to its real power of explaining the next.

The problem here is that even if GW is real, the true cost of taking out CO2 of the global economy is simply forbidding. 7 billion people would be put on poverty again. Riots. Anger. Wars would restart. Famine would kill millions.

But hey, we would have prevented the world to have warmed half a degree, we should cheer that while we have a good dinner of cold roots!

40 years ago we had a shot, by building nukes. But alas, the greenistas found it was easier to mob the nuke scientists and accept the "alternatives" being the big alternative chosen thereafter named with a "C" and ending with "OAL", what a shot in the foot!

Now deal with it. Personally speaking I even think that we're in for another little ice age, which, hahum, will be considerably worse than global warming. But hey, that's just me. And if you check Holocene's timeline, we're due to the next impending true ice age. All things considered, I find it good a little warming.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>I have to agree with the last posters. When you make models that emulate variables that were obtained from other models that emulate variables that were obtained&#8230; etc, the prospect for error is astounding, and yet, GW is considered a &#8220;theory&#8221;, when I see nothing but a fancy computer game for extremely geek people. I am stretching here, but to consider GW a &#8220;closed deal&#8221;, you would have to have empirical data. And when GW theory doesn&#8217;t even explain last century&#8217;s temperature data, one begins to get skeptical to its real power of explaining the next.</p>
<p>The problem here is that even if GW is real, the true cost of taking out CO2 of the global economy is simply forbidding. 7 billion people would be put on poverty again. Riots. Anger. Wars would restart. Famine would kill millions.</p>
<p>But hey, we would have prevented the world to have warmed half a degree, we should cheer that while we have a good dinner of cold roots!</p>
<p>40 years ago we had a shot, by building nukes. But alas, the greenistas found it was easier to mob the nuke scientists and accept the &#8220;alternatives&#8221; being the big alternative chosen thereafter named with a &#8220;C&#8221; and ending with &#8220;OAL&#8221;, what a shot in the foot!</p>
<p>Now deal with it. Personally speaking I even think that we&#8217;re in for another little ice age, which, hahum, will be considerably worse than global warming. But hey, that&#8217;s just me. And if you check Holocene&#8217;s timeline, we&#8217;re due to the next impending true ice age. All things considered, I find it good a little warming.</p>
]]></content:encoded>
	</item>
	<item>
		<title>By: Al Fin</title>
		<link>http://www.anthonares.net/2007/07/on-rejecting-the-work-of-scientists.html#comment-34640</link>
		<author>Al Fin</author>
		<pubDate>Wed, 19 Mar 2008 17:06:44 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid>http://www.anthonares.net/2007/07/on-rejecting-the-work-of-scientists.html#comment-34640</guid>
		<description>I am happy to find a blog so devoted to renewable energies.  Personally, I place high hopes on the prospects of renewables to decentralise the economics of energy, and hopefully economics in general.  Placing more emphasis on the local, and less on the global.

As for consensus warming theory, current trends are in fact going in exactly the opposite direction as what you imply in your posting.  

It is easier to be a believer in an orthodoxy such as consensus warming orthodoxy, than a heretic.  A heretic risks much by distancing himself from the mass of believers.  In numbers there is protection and strength.  On your own, you risk loss of funding, denial of tenure, being demonised by your intellectual inferiors who are raking in the grants, etc. etc.

As a believer, one must nor actually know anything about the topic other than the authority upon which one places his trust.  For almost all believers, belief is a subconscious appeal to authority.  It is the lazy man's approach to knowledge.  Let someone else do your thinking for you.

I am not saying this is your approach, by any means.  Perhaps you know more than what your are saying, about the scientific basis of climate?  Appeal to authority is working less and less well these days.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>I am happy to find a blog so devoted to renewable energies.  Personally, I place high hopes on the prospects of renewables to decentralise the economics of energy, and hopefully economics in general.  Placing more emphasis on the local, and less on the global.</p>
<p>As for consensus warming theory, current trends are in fact going in exactly the opposite direction as what you imply in your posting.  </p>
<p>It is easier to be a believer in an orthodoxy such as consensus warming orthodoxy, than a heretic.  A heretic risks much by distancing himself from the mass of believers.  In numbers there is protection and strength.  On your own, you risk loss of funding, denial of tenure, being demonised by your intellectual inferiors who are raking in the grants, etc. etc.</p>
<p>As a believer, one must nor actually know anything about the topic other than the authority upon which one places his trust.  For almost all believers, belief is a subconscious appeal to authority.  It is the lazy man&#8217;s approach to knowledge.  Let someone else do your thinking for you.</p>
<p>I am not saying this is your approach, by any means.  Perhaps you know more than what your are saying, about the scientific basis of climate?  Appeal to authority is working less and less well these days.</p>
]]></content:encoded>
	</item>
	<item>
		<title>By: Ananta K Gopalan</title>
		<link>http://www.anthonares.net/2007/07/on-rejecting-the-work-of-scientists.html#comment-34512</link>
		<author>Ananta K Gopalan</author>
		<pubDate>Sun, 17 Feb 2008 22:33:02 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid>http://www.anthonares.net/2007/07/on-rejecting-the-work-of-scientists.html#comment-34512</guid>
		<description>Dear Mr. Kendall,
I don't want to be characterized as a denialist or by some other polarizing term.  They do not belong in an honest discussion about a theory being proposed about global warming.
First of all, there has been a numerous warming and cooling periods throughout the history of earth.  They have occurred naturally and will continue to occur in the future.  I think it is a fair assumption that the solar activity has an overwhelming impact on the earth.  After all, if you reduce solar activity the life on earth can cease to exist.  It is a conjecture to say that the solar activity on a "short term" basis does not have an impact on the earth's response.  Apart from the 11 year cyclical sun spot activity (actually a 22 year cycle) there has been correlation of sun spot minimums to cooling periods.  Some of those cycle had lasted for decades.  The Maunder minimum that lasted from 1645 to 1715 seems to correlate with the mini-ice age that was recorded then, obviously without the so-called AGW of recent origin.  Those cycles will continue to happen and will continue to impact the earth's climate.  By the way, our understanding of the actual magnitude of radiative forcing of sun spots is sketchy at best.  In other words, our understanding of the sunspot is still developing.  
Next, we need to understand the precession of the earth.  It is not a fixed entity.  It has a variation and its relationship to the earth's climate is not well understood either.  Why is that important?  It is important because it will affect the convective forces at both the ocean level (75% of earth) as well as atmospheric interaction.
The point is that one needs to establish causality first before affirming through statistical sampling correlation.  If y= F(x1,x2,.....xn) plus all the second and third order interactions, then your model need to establish all the coefficients associated with each of the variables.  If you set aside AGW for the moment, your model should be able to predict in a backward sense, previously occurred global cooling and warming.  Then only, you can claim validity of AGW.
Last year, I went to Alaska to see the glaciers there.  Did you know that the glacier field at Bartlett Cove is beginning to build back up again from 1925 when it was at is lowest point.  When the explorer Vancouver went to Bartlett cove went there it was all ice field.  When John Muir visited it some seventy years later, the glacier had retreated about 60 miles!.  It reached its farthest point in 1925.  
As far as CO2 emissions are concerned, mammals contribute to CO2.  In addition, in temperate climate, the vegetation that reverses that process are absent anywhere from 3 months to 6 months.  In the US, the CO2 level must shoot up since one of the recycling mechanism is withdrawn.  What is the overall (surface to altitude) change in CO2 as a result of that change?
In places like North Dakota and in Siberia, archaeological discoveries have shown evidence of herbivorous mastodons.  Therefore, one can reasonably deduce that the climate must have been conducive for year-round vegetation.  How did that occur at those latitudes?  It is also interesting to note that commercial hot house growers pump CO2 to levels over 1000ppm for vigorous growth.  The averaged levels of atmospheric CO2 have been from about 330 ppm to the current level of about 375ppm.  My own belief (not proven at all) is that the plants need certain level of CO2 to sustain and productive.  It is not clear what level that would be and how we fit in on that basis.  In addition, it is also not clear how the large bodies of water (Oceans) deal with CO2 recycling.
I am not against AGW but that I don't believe that our current modeling has good enough precision to segregate its effect so clearly.  Heck, the current weather prediction model is not accurate at all.  Computer modeling is great but they still rely on the basic functions and their weight in this complex field.
I am an engineer by trade.  I can assure you some of the dynamic modeling that we use on structures and machinery analysis is not accurate at all as precision depends on accounting for all factors (reducing assumptions)and the models become extremely complex.  That is why I am skeptical!  Just don't call me names and categorize as such tactics merely tells me that the theory and conclusions proposed don't have confidence behind them.
Thanks for your patience,
Art</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Dear Mr. Kendall,<br />
I don&#8217;t want to be characterized as a denialist or by some other polarizing term.  They do not belong in an honest discussion about a theory being proposed about global warming.<br />
First of all, there has been a numerous warming and cooling periods throughout the history of earth.  They have occurred naturally and will continue to occur in the future.  I think it is a fair assumption that the solar activity has an overwhelming impact on the earth.  After all, if you reduce solar activity the life on earth can cease to exist.  It is a conjecture to say that the solar activity on a &#8220;short term&#8221; basis does not have an impact on the earth&#8217;s response.  Apart from the 11 year cyclical sun spot activity (actually a 22 year cycle) there has been correlation of sun spot minimums to cooling periods.  Some of those cycle had lasted for decades.  The Maunder minimum that lasted from 1645 to 1715 seems to correlate with the mini-ice age that was recorded then, obviously without the so-called AGW of recent origin.  Those cycles will continue to happen and will continue to impact the earth&#8217;s climate.  By the way, our understanding of the actual magnitude of radiative forcing of sun spots is sketchy at best.  In other words, our understanding of the sunspot is still developing.<br />
Next, we need to understand the precession of the earth.  It is not a fixed entity.  It has a variation and its relationship to the earth&#8217;s climate is not well understood either.  Why is that important?  It is important because it will affect the convective forces at both the ocean level (75% of earth) as well as atmospheric interaction.<br />
The point is that one needs to establish causality first before affirming through statistical sampling correlation.  If y= F(x1,x2,&#8230;..xn) plus all the second and third order interactions, then your model need to establish all the coefficients associated with each of the variables.  If you set aside AGW for the moment, your model should be able to predict in a backward sense, previously occurred global cooling and warming.  Then only, you can claim validity of AGW.<br />
Last year, I went to Alaska to see the glaciers there.  Did you know that the glacier field at Bartlett Cove is beginning to build back up again from 1925 when it was at is lowest point.  When the explorer Vancouver went to Bartlett cove went there it was all ice field.  When John Muir visited it some seventy years later, the glacier had retreated about 60 miles!.  It reached its farthest point in 1925.<br />
As far as CO2 emissions are concerned, mammals contribute to CO2.  In addition, in temperate climate, the vegetation that reverses that process are absent anywhere from 3 months to 6 months.  In the US, the CO2 level must shoot up since one of the recycling mechanism is withdrawn.  What is the overall (surface to altitude) change in CO2 as a result of that change?<br />
In places like North Dakota and in Siberia, archaeological discoveries have shown evidence of herbivorous mastodons.  Therefore, one can reasonably deduce that the climate must have been conducive for year-round vegetation.  How did that occur at those latitudes?  It is also interesting to note that commercial hot house growers pump CO2 to levels over 1000ppm for vigorous growth.  The averaged levels of atmospheric CO2 have been from about 330 ppm to the current level of about 375ppm.  My own belief (not proven at all) is that the plants need certain level of CO2 to sustain and productive.  It is not clear what level that would be and how we fit in on that basis.  In addition, it is also not clear how the large bodies of water (Oceans) deal with CO2 recycling.<br />
I am not against AGW but that I don&#8217;t believe that our current modeling has good enough precision to segregate its effect so clearly.  Heck, the current weather prediction model is not accurate at all.  Computer modeling is great but they still rely on the basic functions and their weight in this complex field.<br />
I am an engineer by trade.  I can assure you some of the dynamic modeling that we use on structures and machinery analysis is not accurate at all as precision depends on accounting for all factors (reducing assumptions)and the models become extremely complex.  That is why I am skeptical!  Just don&#8217;t call me names and categorize as such tactics merely tells me that the theory and conclusions proposed don&#8217;t have confidence behind them.<br />
Thanks for your patience,<br />
Art</p>
]]></content:encoded>
	</item>
	<item>
		<title>By: Joseph Baneth Allen</title>
		<link>http://www.anthonares.net/2007/07/on-rejecting-the-work-of-scientists.html#comment-34498</link>
		<author>Joseph Baneth Allen</author>
		<pubDate>Fri, 15 Feb 2008 00:40:13 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid>http://www.anthonares.net/2007/07/on-rejecting-the-work-of-scientists.html#comment-34498</guid>
		<description>Dear Mr. Kendall,

Actually, the idea of global cooling goes much farther back than the 1970s.  A review of national and international newspapers from 1901 - the New York Times for example - shows that the idea of global cooling was an idea being seriously discussed by the eminent scientists of that time.  

I am also curious as to how you define "overblown."  Does that include the cover stories of global cooling in national magazines like NewsWeek and Time during the 1970s where prominent scientists are quoted about global cooling?

Using the term "Denialists" to promote a scientific cause is interesting because you're using a term usually reserved for people who deny the Holocaust.  What happens if you're wrong?</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Dear Mr. Kendall,</p>
<p>Actually, the idea of global cooling goes much farther back than the 1970s.  A review of national and international newspapers from 1901 - the New York Times for example - shows that the idea of global cooling was an idea being seriously discussed by the eminent scientists of that time.  </p>
<p>I am also curious as to how you define &#8220;overblown.&#8221;  Does that include the cover stories of global cooling in national magazines like NewsWeek and Time during the 1970s where prominent scientists are quoted about global cooling?</p>
<p>Using the term &#8220;Denialists&#8221; to promote a scientific cause is interesting because you&#8217;re using a term usually reserved for people who deny the Holocaust.  What happens if you&#8217;re wrong?</p>
]]></content:encoded>
	</item>
	<item>
		<title>By: Anthony Kendall</title>
		<link>http://www.anthonares.net/2007/07/on-rejecting-the-work-of-scientists.html#comment-34320</link>
		<author>Anthony Kendall</author>
		<pubDate>Tue, 01 Jan 2008 21:01:08 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid>http://www.anthonares.net/2007/07/on-rejecting-the-work-of-scientists.html#comment-34320</guid>
		<description>Mr. Allen,
Thanks for reading!  To address your questions:
1) There are examples of global extremes of cooling and warming throughout Earth's history.  The key to understanding our current situation in the geological context is to understand that we are in a period of glaciation.  Without humans here, we would be continuing a declining temperature trend because the Earth is currently in a period of decreasing solar forcing over a several thousand year timescale.  There are theories of a "snowball Earth" where the entire planet was covered in ice.  There were also times when the poles had sea temperatures no colder than 10-20 degrees above freezing.  But, these conditions were experienced during periods of very different atmospheric composition, solar radiation output, or continental alignment, and thus very different "natural" greenhouse effects and weather/ocean circulation of global heat.  

There is much more to say about this topic, but suffice to say that we must compare our current situation with the prevalent conditions over the last million years or so to remove other complicating geologic factors.  If one does that, we see that we are in a period of unprecedented greenhouse gas levels and nearly unprecedented global temperatures.

2)Solar forcing has a huge impact on our climate.  It is what keeps our planet warm, and drives nearly all known biological energy cycles and global dynamism.  Solar forcing as an agent of short-term climate change is likely a bit-player, however.  For much more on this topic, visit realclimate.org.  

As for whether Mars, Venus, or whatever else is in a warm period, that is completely coincidental.  The Sun's output is higher than it's ever been, in a long-term average sense.  But, what drives the climate cycles on other terrestrial planets is their distance from the Sun in their orbits, relative to the mean orbital distance.  To some extent, for planets like Mars, the changes in the obliquity, or axial tilt, are also a significant factor.  We cannot simply look to our planetary neighbors and naively ascribe changes seen there to changes seen here.  There are simply far too many factors to do that over very short (100s of years) time periods.

3) Scientific consensus has an excellent track record.  The consensus view of the Solar mechanics never truly existed, in the example you mention.  Very few solid consensus examples that subsequently were disproved actually occurred.  The "ether" theory was always just a theory, and could not explain much at all about orbital motions.  The "earth was flat" consensus never really existed, and if it was common knowledge at some time, there was no dedicated science profession then.  There are many other examples as well that suggest that viewing scientific consensus as innately fallible is overly pessimistic.

That said, consensus itself is nothing to believe if not for a consensus of evidence.  That is where the global warming consensus is nigh unassailable.  There are few other focus areas of scientific research, save perhaps Darwinian evolution, that have a larger body of supporting evidence.  Thousands upon thousands of scientists have collected hard data for decades, and the results of examining that enormous pile of evidence nearly always fall in favor of the anthropogenic global warming mechanism.  

4) A few years' worth more data will answer a lot of  "questions" put forward by global warming critics because we are in the midst of that very change.  Just as the portrait a sketch artist draws at first looks like nothing more than a few abstract geometrical constructions, the first years' and decades' data about global warming was suggestive at best.  But, as time goes by, the gaps in data are gradually filled, and the picture takes its final form.  We are learning a lot very quickly, particularly about the so-called "tipping point" mechanisms that may lead to feedback-induced rapid climate change.  Another reason that a few years will answer many questions is that there are hundreds of data-collection efforts that will offer new insights into global warming science.

5) The whole global cooling myth is way overblown.  There were very few academic papers published about the idea.  It was a theory proposed by a few groups supported by very little data.  It is much more prominent now than it ever was supposed to have been in the 1970s.  The myth of the global cooling consensus has been publicized by global warming denialists to try and add meat to their meager arguments.


Mr. Allen, there are many ways to attack any theory.  But, in the face of overwhelming evidence in favor of the anthropogenic global warming theory, denialists must offer similarly convincing evidence in their favor.  They have not done so.  They focus on trying to poke holes in individual studies, which is always possible because studies are by their very nature limited datasets.  Denialists argue out of ignorance, that is, we do not understand fully what is happening, therefore we cannot say what is causing it definitively.  There is no absolute knowledge that man may possess, he must be guided instead by the most convincing argument--by the argument that is most convincingly supported by data.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Mr. Allen,<br />
Thanks for reading!  To address your questions:<br />
1) There are examples of global extremes of cooling and warming throughout Earth&#8217;s history.  The key to understanding our current situation in the geological context is to understand that we are in a period of glaciation.  Without humans here, we would be continuing a declining temperature trend because the Earth is currently in a period of decreasing solar forcing over a several thousand year timescale.  There are theories of a &#8220;snowball Earth&#8221; where the entire planet was covered in ice.  There were also times when the poles had sea temperatures no colder than 10-20 degrees above freezing.  But, these conditions were experienced during periods of very different atmospheric composition, solar radiation output, or continental alignment, and thus very different &#8220;natural&#8221; greenhouse effects and weather/ocean circulation of global heat.  </p>
<p>There is much more to say about this topic, but suffice to say that we must compare our current situation with the prevalent conditions over the last million years or so to remove other complicating geologic factors.  If one does that, we see that we are in a period of unprecedented greenhouse gas levels and nearly unprecedented global temperatures.</p>
<p>2)Solar forcing has a huge impact on our climate.  It is what keeps our planet warm, and drives nearly all known biological energy cycles and global dynamism.  Solar forcing as an agent of short-term climate change is likely a bit-player, however.  For much more on this topic, visit realclimate.org.  </p>
<p>As for whether Mars, Venus, or whatever else is in a warm period, that is completely coincidental.  The Sun&#8217;s output is higher than it&#8217;s ever been, in a long-term average sense.  But, what drives the climate cycles on other terrestrial planets is their distance from the Sun in their orbits, relative to the mean orbital distance.  To some extent, for planets like Mars, the changes in the obliquity, or axial tilt, are also a significant factor.  We cannot simply look to our planetary neighbors and naively ascribe changes seen there to changes seen here.  There are simply far too many factors to do that over very short (100s of years) time periods.</p>
<p>3) Scientific consensus has an excellent track record.  The consensus view of the Solar mechanics never truly existed, in the example you mention.  Very few solid consensus examples that subsequently were disproved actually occurred.  The &#8220;ether&#8221; theory was always just a theory, and could not explain much at all about orbital motions.  The &#8220;earth was flat&#8221; consensus never really existed, and if it was common knowledge at some time, there was no dedicated science profession then.  There are many other examples as well that suggest that viewing scientific consensus as innately fallible is overly pessimistic.</p>
<p>That said, consensus itself is nothing to believe if not for a consensus of evidence.  That is where the global warming consensus is nigh unassailable.  There are few other focus areas of scientific research, save perhaps Darwinian evolution, that have a larger body of supporting evidence.  Thousands upon thousands of scientists have collected hard data for decades, and the results of examining that enormous pile of evidence nearly always fall in favor of the anthropogenic global warming mechanism.  </p>
<p>4) A few years&#8217; worth more data will answer a lot of  &#8220;questions&#8221; put forward by global warming critics because we are in the midst of that very change.  Just as the portrait a sketch artist draws at first looks like nothing more than a few abstract geometrical constructions, the first years&#8217; and decades&#8217; data about global warming was suggestive at best.  But, as time goes by, the gaps in data are gradually filled, and the picture takes its final form.  We are learning a lot very quickly, particularly about the so-called &#8220;tipping point&#8221; mechanisms that may lead to feedback-induced rapid climate change.  Another reason that a few years will answer many questions is that there are hundreds of data-collection efforts that will offer new insights into global warming science.</p>
<p>5) The whole global cooling myth is way overblown.  There were very few academic papers published about the idea.  It was a theory proposed by a few groups supported by very little data.  It is much more prominent now than it ever was supposed to have been in the 1970s.  The myth of the global cooling consensus has been publicized by global warming denialists to try and add meat to their meager arguments.</p>
<p>Mr. Allen, there are many ways to attack any theory.  But, in the face of overwhelming evidence in favor of the anthropogenic global warming theory, denialists must offer similarly convincing evidence in their favor.  They have not done so.  They focus on trying to poke holes in individual studies, which is always possible because studies are by their very nature limited datasets.  Denialists argue out of ignorance, that is, we do not understand fully what is happening, therefore we cannot say what is causing it definitively.  There is no absolute knowledge that man may possess, he must be guided instead by the most convincing argument&#8211;by the argument that is most convincingly supported by data.</p>
]]></content:encoded>
	</item>
	<item>
		<title>By: Joseph Baneth Allen</title>
		<link>http://www.anthonares.net/2007/07/on-rejecting-the-work-of-scientists.html#comment-34315</link>
		<author>Joseph Baneth Allen</author>
		<pubDate>Mon, 31 Dec 2007 19:50:36 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid>http://www.anthonares.net/2007/07/on-rejecting-the-work-of-scientists.html#comment-34315</guid>
		<description>Dear Mr. Kendall,

As a critical thinker, I have just a few questions:

Isn't it true that there has been extreme examples of global climate changes - from extreme hot to extreme cold - in various periods of Earth history when humans were absent?

If the solar forcing issue has no real planetary impact, why are Mars, Pluto, and the rest of the planets and moons in the solar system experincing their own global climate changes towards the warm end?

Isn't it true that scientific concensus has a poor track record?  For example, it was standard scientific belief only a century ago that we wouldn't be able to determine the chemical makeup of stars.

Why do you say that a few more years worth of data will provide the answers?  If global warming is happening, then you would have the data to change it.

In the 1970s, the fear was global cooling.  Now it's global warming.  Isn't it true that throughout Earth's history, shorelines and weather have changed?

Respectfully Submitted,

Joseph Baneth Allen</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Dear Mr. Kendall,</p>
<p>As a critical thinker, I have just a few questions:</p>
<p>Isn&#8217;t it true that there has been extreme examples of global climate changes - from extreme hot to extreme cold - in various periods of Earth history when humans were absent?</p>
<p>If the solar forcing issue has no real planetary impact, why are Mars, Pluto, and the rest of the planets and moons in the solar system experincing their own global climate changes towards the warm end?</p>
<p>Isn&#8217;t it true that scientific concensus has a poor track record?  For example, it was standard scientific belief only a century ago that we wouldn&#8217;t be able to determine the chemical makeup of stars.</p>
<p>Why do you say that a few more years worth of data will provide the answers?  If global warming is happening, then you would have the data to change it.</p>
<p>In the 1970s, the fear was global cooling.  Now it&#8217;s global warming.  Isn&#8217;t it true that throughout Earth&#8217;s history, shorelines and weather have changed?</p>
<p>Respectfully Submitted,</p>
<p>Joseph Baneth Allen</p>
]]></content:encoded>
	</item>
	<item>
		<title>By: Anthony Kendall</title>
		<link>http://www.anthonares.net/2007/07/on-rejecting-the-work-of-scientists.html#comment-33225</link>
		<author>Anthony Kendall</author>
		<pubDate>Fri, 20 Jul 2007 02:08:19 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid>http://www.anthonares.net/2007/07/on-rejecting-the-work-of-scientists.html#comment-33225</guid>
		<description>taoist,
I don't mean to suggest that solar is not playing a forcing role, but rather that role is small compared to the impact of anthropogenic greenhouse gases.  If this is something you're interested in, visit realclimate.org.  It includes a group of top-flight climate scientists, who also happen to be excellent communicators, who address the details of both AGW skepticism and advocacy in great deal.  Recently, they've seriously addressed the solar forcing issue, and found that it does not appear to be the cause of most of the observed warming trend.

A few more years' worth of data will always provide more answers.  And, year-to-year or month-to-month anomalies will be observed.  The inescapable fact here is that the last decade has been the warmest we've seen since records have been kept.  Last winter was one of the Northern hemisphere's warmest on record.  Last year was one of the warmest globally ever recorded.

You're a critical thinker, and that's why I appreciate your comments so much.  But here, it's time to start debating not whether AGW is real, because it is.  Instead, we need to talk about mitigation and adaptation.  How do we minimize damage--that's the debate to have.  Whether that damage is ecological, economical, or cultural, and how much damage is acceptable; there's plenty of room for ideological disagreement.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>taoist,<br />
I don&#8217;t mean to suggest that solar is not playing a forcing role, but rather that role is small compared to the impact of anthropogenic greenhouse gases.  If this is something you&#8217;re interested in, visit realclimate.org.  It includes a group of top-flight climate scientists, who also happen to be excellent communicators, who address the details of both AGW skepticism and advocacy in great deal.  Recently, they&#8217;ve seriously addressed the solar forcing issue, and found that it does not appear to be the cause of most of the observed warming trend.</p>
<p>A few more years&#8217; worth of data will always provide more answers.  And, year-to-year or month-to-month anomalies will be observed.  The inescapable fact here is that the last decade has been the warmest we&#8217;ve seen since records have been kept.  Last winter was one of the Northern hemisphere&#8217;s warmest on record.  Last year was one of the warmest globally ever recorded.</p>
<p>You&#8217;re a critical thinker, and that&#8217;s why I appreciate your comments so much.  But here, it&#8217;s time to start debating not whether AGW is real, because it is.  Instead, we need to talk about mitigation and adaptation.  How do we minimize damage&#8211;that&#8217;s the debate to have.  Whether that damage is ecological, economical, or cultural, and how much damage is acceptable; there&#8217;s plenty of room for ideological disagreement.</p>
]]></content:encoded>
	</item>
</channel>
</rss>
